Laminated heat exchanger



Oct. 20, 1953 s. HoLM ET AL j 2,656,159

LAMINATED. HEAT EXCHANGER Filed July 24, 1948 4 sheets-sheet 2 Wa "B'PLArss TOPNEY oct. 2o, 1953 s, HO'LM ETAL 2,656,159

LAMINATED HEAT EXCHANGER Filed July 24, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 n "f'purf/UJIDIQIQIDIDIBIEIDID BY Will/am Hammond ATTORNEY Oct. Z0, 1953 S. HOL-MET AL LAMINATED HEAT EXCHANGER Filed July 24, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 4Patented Oct. 20, 1953 LAMINATED HEAT EXCHANGER Sven Holm and William E.Hammond, Wellsville,

N. Y., assgnors to The Air Preheater Corporation, New York, N. Y.

Application July 24, 1948, Serial No. 40,546

4 Claims.

l The present invention relates to improvements in heat exchangers ofthe plate type particularly adapted for heat exchange between twoconfined v fluids.

The invention contemplates the construction of a plate type heatexchanger by stacking blanks that are formed With a plurality ofvariously arranged perforations in the form of rows of apertures orslots co-extensive with the rows, the assembly of the blanks aligningthe perforations to form nuid passages and portions of certain platesforming extended surfaces or ns in the passages created by the alignmentof apertures and/or slots in the plates. The invention will best beunderstood upon consideration. of the following detailed description ofillustrative embodiments thereof when read in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings in which:

Figure l is a perspective view of an envelope type heat exchangerembodying the present invention, parts being broken away to illustratedetails of construction.

Figures 2 to 5, 5A, 6 and 6A are perspective views `illustratingperforated plates of various forms which may be assembled incombinations to form the core of the heat exchanger illustrated inFigure l;

Figure '7 is a fragmentary perspective view of a core made up cialternate A plates having rows of apertures and intermediate B plateshaving slots as shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively;

Figure 7A is an exploded perspective view corresponding to Figure 7.

Figure 8 is an end elevational view, partly sectioned, and Figure 9 is ahorizontal sectional View on the correspondingly designated section linein Figure 7.

Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 9 but having the pin-fins in thecore disposed in staggered relation.

Figure 11 also is a sectional view similar to Figure 9 but wherein allof the component plates of the core are of the A type having rows ofapertures as illustrated in Figure 2, thereby providing continuous nsextending through the passages in the direction of uid ow.

Figure 12 is a sectional view similar to Figure 11 but having thecontinuous longitudinal uns interrupted at intervals by periodicinsertion of slotted plates of the B type shown in Figure 3 betweengroups of row apertured plates of the A type shown in Figure 2.

Figure 13 also is a sectional view of a portion of a core made up of rowapertured "A plates of the type shown in Figure 2 used in alternationwith plates of the C type shown in Figure 4 which have slots as well asrows of apertures so that some passages have a plurality of pin-nstherein while other contiguous passages have continuous longitudinalfins extending through the passages in the direction of fluid now,

Figure le is a sectional view showing a core similar to that in Figure13 but having slotted B plates of the form shown in Figure 3 interposedat intervals to interrupt the continuity of the longitudinal fins.

Figure 15 is a fragmentary perspective view of a core utilizing inalternation A and D plates of the forms shown in Figures 2 and 5 soarranged as to provide for cross ow of the two fluids.

Figure 15A is a view similar to Figure 15 em` ploying a variant of the Dplates with the A plates.

Figure 16 is a partial sectional View of a core of the type shown inFigure l5.

The heat exchanger illustrated in Figure 1 is essentially of theenvelope type with alternating passages for two fluids in heat exchangerela tionship and has a core lil consisting of a plurality of stackedblanks or plates H, l2 formed with perforations that create passage-sfor counterilow of two fluids in heat exchange relationship. The fluidto be heated passes from a header i3 through the manifold lingers lli toalternate passages in the heat exchanger c ore l!) and is discharged inlike manner from the outlet ends of the passages through similar iingersto a collecting header l5. At the same time the heating fluid issupplied through a header i6 to flow through the manifold iingers l'linto the set of intermediate passages and is taken oli through othermanifold ngers which communicate with the discharge header I8,

One of the primary components of the core l@ is the heat exchanger plateI E shown in Figure 2, also to be referred to as an A plate, The plate li, preferably of thin, highly heat-conductive metal or other material,is formed with a plurality of perforations which, as shown, are arrangedin alignment transversely of the plate to form a series of transverserows 2 of apertures 2l. Other plates l2 shown in Figure 3 known also asB plates have transversely extending slots 22 co-extensive with thetransverse rows 2i! of apertures 2| in the plates Il and the slots 22are spaced to correspond with the vertical spacing of the rows 2B ofapertures 2l, When a number of these A plates ll are stacked (Fig. 7) inalternation with B plates I2 the apertures 2l form continuations of theslots 22 to create continuous fluid passages extending through the core(Fig. 8). The ligaments 2C: between the adjacent apertures 2l in theplates I i constitute pin-like fins 3S (Figs. 'l and 9) eX- tendingacross the flow passages from the passage walls .which are themselvesconstituted by the tranfsuegrse ligaments 25 between the rows gli ofapertures 2i in the A plates and the similar ligaments 26 between theslots 22 of the l plates. The apertures 2| and ligament-nus 2li may be.04() of an inch wide or greater'andvsay .25 of an inch high. Thepinrflns iig .xqllgr in the heat exchange core iii" intervalscorresponding to the thickness ofl the B plates and themselves are of adepth gr thiclgness corresponding to that of the A'plates Vfrom whichthey are formed or in the nature of :()fiil inch.

If the apertures in adjacent rows are staggered the pie-lies i@ inadiagant Passages also become staggered.' Alay employing A plates in hthe rows 2 9 of the apertures Zlibegin at Arent distances trom' the sideVedge of the .plates than shown for the rows of apertures in Figure 2,the pinfns'in the passages of the `core vmay be staggered. rhis may bebrought about ,also as As hpwn in Figure l() by employing plates ii'fhlhvhave a vwider margin 2l at one side than 7at the other v and reversingalternate A plates to Yc lispvose the wider margin alternately at theright or nleft hand side of the core.

When itis desired tc provide a continuous fin structure extendingentirely through the core in directionof liuid flow the entire core isthen )up of A glans.. the ligaments 2i 0f the adjacent plates abuttingas well as alining'to .form Continuous ,webs 91 `ribs 2.9 ,between .the'pesaees for.. ed 'by the al'iriemsm @f .the apertures 2i ('Ffllll A vWhen it is desired to interrupt the continuous fins formed by'abuttingthe ligaments 213 of a plurality of staclred"A plates, a B plate isinserted atleachpoint where it is desired to interrupt the ns `(Fig.l2), this occurring because the QB" plates being formed with fulltransverse lslots 22 `donot have Vthe ligaments 2li that'sparate theapertures l2l in an iIAfplate.

To 4create a core having pin-like ns 3i! in one set of passages withcontinuous fins through the adjacent passages, A plates having rows ofapertures'yi are combined with C' plates 3i (Fig. 4) of a type havingalternateslots -2'2 and rows of apertures 2i. By assembling A plates-inlalternation with the C plates one set of passages will have pin n ns3i! spaced in the direction of"flow while the set of intermediatepassages will be provided with continuous iins formed' by the ligaments33 between the openings ,35 abutting with the alined ligaments A2li ofthe A plates as shown in Fig. 13. Insertion at intervals in the corehofBfplates serves .to interrupt the continuity of the ns (Fig. lll). 'Y

v`Althouglfrshown as being of rectangular form Itne plates I/i,' I2 etc.maybe circularoval, annular or of any other shape considered suitablefor a particular heat exchanger use. With the -arrangements describedabove, the rows of apertures 2l in a set of A plates combine with theslots l22 in the sets of B or C plates to create passages extendingthrough the-heatv exchange core, '-'the passages being separated bywalls made up of the Aligaments 25, between rows 20 of apertures or theligaments 2t -between slots 2-2 while tu@ ligaments" 24 between the.apertures '.21 frm spaced pin-fins when A plates formed only withapertures are stacked alternately with B plates I2 formed only withslots, while a C plate formed with both types of openings when combinedwith A plates formed only with rows of apertures 2l creates spacedpin-iins in one set of passages and longitudinally extending ns in .theadjacent passages.

' '-.To create manifolds at either end of the heat exchange ore 4IE)(Figl' 1) a` numb/eroi slotted fB plates (Fig. 3) are stacked upon andbelow the heat exchange core so that the fingers I4, I'I of headers I3,I5, I6, I8 may be inserted in the tes'l2v ateach end of core I0.

n ross-.flow is desired, instead of the ""plates'of'ligf, plates 6i! ofthe form shown `in Fig. Y5v are Aemployed with the A plates. It will benoted that in the D plates 68 alternate sl'ots'tl are longer than theother slots 62. The slots El are wider than the rows of apertures 2l Vtl1e"A- plates and thmD platesthemselves are' v p'roportion'ately wider.'When- D- plates of this'f'o'rm'are'ised in alternation with A plateswith the shorter slots 62 in the D plates alined with 'the rows lofopenings -i in the A plates so as .to becor-extensive therewith, theside portions of the'plates' are ycut oli in planes X located at thepositions beyond the ends of slots 62 and passing through theintermediate long slots 6I near'threir ends. This opens up the ends ofthese slots to f orm passages for fluid to flow through them in adirection from the side edges of the plates" (Fig. V15). With this formspecial end plates 63 .of the type shown in Fig. 6 and known 'as Eplates are" employed which have slots Gli to communicate with thepassages formed by the slots @2 etc. while imperforate portions B5 ofthe E plates are Wide enough toclose the sides of the passages createdby the slots 6I that open to that face of the core.

Figure 415A shows an arrangement similar to that of Figure l5 but the*plates d6 (called D' plates) have rows of apertures E? instead of shortslots 6 2 ofthe D' plates. -Whenassembled with A plates continuous nsare formedin one set of passages.

What we claim is:

l. A heat exchanger comprising; a, core made upof stacked plates formedwith spaced parallel rows of apertures separated at intervals by platesformed with Vsimilarly spaced', parallel slots with the apertures andslots alined to form parts of parallel passages and the ligamentsbetween cony wells or recesses formed by the slots 22 in the tiguousapertures in said rows'constituting' ns .that occur inthe passages atintervals in the direction of flow Corresponding .to the thickness'ofsaid slottedplates; a plurality of plates disposed at each end of thecore formed with slotsspaced to correspond with the spacing of saidpassages and .constituting ,extensions thereof; a( pair of inanifoldsdisposed at opposite ends of the core having ringer-like conduitsextending into alternate slots .in 'said end, plates .foradmitting'fluid vto andreceiving it from the passages of said core; andothersimilar manifolds having fingers connecting with .the intermediateslots in said end plates for circulating another fluid throughintermediate passages.

2. A :heat exchanger comprising: a core made up of stacked platesformedwith spaced parallel rows of apertures with the apertures ofcontiguous .plates alined to form parts of parallel passages and theligaments between contiguous aperturesin saidrows constituting ns in thepassages in the direction of flow; a plurality of plates disposed ateach end of the core formed with slots spaced to correspond with thespacing of said passages and constituting extensions thereof; a pair ofmanifolds disposed at opposite ends of the core having linger-likeconduits extending into alternate slots in said end, plates foradmitting iiuid to and receiving it from the passages of said core; andother similar manifolds having ngers connecting with the intermediateslots in said end plates for circulating another iiuid throughintermediate passages.

3. A core for a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of stacked platesall of good heat transferring material, each formed with a multiplicityof non-circular, elongate spaced perforations arranged in substantiallyuniform patterns to occupy corresponding areas on the various plates,said perforations aligning from plate to plate to form parts of paralleliiuid passages through the core; sections of the plate members which liebetween perforations forming ligaments adapted to abut to constituteiins extending through said passages in the direction of fluid flow;plates having parallel rows of slots of a length corresponding to saidrows of perforations so that pin-like fins occur in the passages atintervals in the direction of ilow corresponding to the thickness of theslotted plates, said perforations being 1ocated at diiferent distancesfrom the marginal edges of the plates so that fins formed by ligamentsbetween perforations are offset transversely of said passageways.

4. A core for a heat exchanger comprising: a plurality of stacked platesof heat exchanger material formed with a multiplicity of aperturesarranged in parallel rows; other plates disposed among said rst platesand formed with slots :3o-extensive with and spaced at intervalscorresponding to the spacing of the rows of apertures in said firstplates for alignment therewith, whereby the ligaments on the platesbetween said rows of apertures and said rows of slots constituteopposite walls of iiuid passages extending through the core, and theligaments between the apertures in said rows constitute pin-like iinextensions from said walls into said passages; the initial aperture ineach row of apertured plates being located at different distances fromthe marginal edges of the plates than the nal aperture, and

alternate apertured plates being reversed so that the said ns formed byligaments of contiguous apertured plates are staggered in said passages.

SVEN HOLM. WILLIAM E. HAMMOND.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 1,508,860 Stuart Sept. 16, 1924 1,734,274 Schubart Nov. 5,1929 1,863,586 Wilke June 21, 1932 2,179,702 Saunders Nov. 14, 19392,537,276 McMahon et al Jan. 9, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date18,516 Great Britain Dec. 18, 1888 618,450 Germany Nov. 29, 1928

